Advances in Marine Biology 44

Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 44 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY Edited by A. J. SOUTHWARD Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PLI 2PB, UK P. A. TYLER School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, S014 3ZH, UK C. M. YOUNG Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 5389, Charleston OR 97420, USA and L. A. FUIMAN Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved. 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BOLETZKY, C.N.R.S., Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, F-66651 Banyuls-sur-Mer. C. J. CUTTS, Seafish Marine Farming Unit, Ardtoe, Acharacle, Argyll PH36 4LD, United Kingdom. A. G. HIRST, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom. R. S. LAMPITT, George Deacon Division for Ocean Processes, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom. C. A. MCALPINE, Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning and The Ecology Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. S. J. PITTMAN, Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning and The Ecology Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. J. C. ROFF, Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V SERIES CONTENTS FOR LAST TEN YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IX A Synthesis of Growth Rates in Marine Epipelagic Invertebrate Zooplankton A. G. Hirst, J. C. Roff and R. S. Lampitt 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 4. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 5. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Appendix 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Appendix 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Biology of Early Life Stages in Cephalopod Molluscs S. V. Boletzky 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 2. Taxonomy and Systematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 3. Embryogenesis and the Microenvironment of the Embryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 4. Transition from Embryo to Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 5. Post-hatching Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 6. Dispersal and Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 7. Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 viii CONTENTS Movements of Marine Fish and Decapod Crustaceans: Process, Theory and Application S. J. Pittman and C. A. McAlpine 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 2. Life Cycle Movement Patterns in Time and Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 3. Critique of Traditional Approaches in Marine Animal Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 4. Theoretical Constructs of the Animal-Environment Linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 5. Application and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 6. Implications for Conservation and Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 7. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Culture of Harpacticoid Copepods: Potential as Live Feed for Rearing Marine Fish C. J. Cutts 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 2. Harpacticoid Life-Histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 3. The Effects of Diet on Harpacticoid Nutritional Quality and Population Growth . . . .301 4. The Effects of Different Substrata on Harpacticoid Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 5. The Effects of Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 6. Environmental Effects on Harpacticoid Quality and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 7. Harpacticoids as Prey for Marine Fish Larvae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310 8. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312 Taxonomic Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 Series Contents for Last Ten Years* VOLUME 29, 1993. Kiørboe, T. Turbulence, phytoplankton cell size, and the structure of pelagic food webs. pp. 1–72. Kuparinen, K. and Kuosa, H. Autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Baltic Sea. pp. 73–128. Subramoniam, T. Spermatophores and sperm transfer in marine crustaceans. pp. 129–214. Horwood, J. The Bristol Channel sole (Solea solea (L.)): a fisheries case study. pp. 215–367. VOLUME 30, 1994. Vincx, M., Bett, B. J., Dinet, A., Ferrero, T., Gooday, A. J., Lambshead, P. J. D., Pfannküche, O., Soltweddel, T. and Vanreusel, A. Meiobenthos of the deep Northeast Atlantic. pp. 1–88. Brown, A. C. and Odendaal, F. J. The biology of oniscid Isopoda of the genus Tylos. pp. 89–153. Ritz, D. A. Social aggregation in pelagic invertebrates. pp. 155–216. Ferron, A. and Legget, W. C. An appraisal of condition measures for marine fish larvae. pp. 217–303. Rogers, A. D. The biology of seamounts. pp. 305–350. VOLUME 31, 1997. Gardner, J. P. A. Hybridization in the sea. pp. 1–78. Egloff, D. A., Fofonoff, P. W. and Onbé, T. Reproductive behaviour of marine cladocerans. pp. 79–167. Dower, J. F., Miller, T. J. and Leggett, W. C. The role of microscale turbulence in the feeding ecology of larval fish. pp. 169–220. Brown, B. E. Adaptations of reef corals to physical environmental stress. pp. 221–299. Richardson, K. Harmful or exceptional phytoplankton blooms in the marine ecosystem. pp. 301–385. VOLUME 32, 1997. Vinogradov, M. E. Some problems of vertical distribution of meso- and macroplankton in the ocean. pp. 1–92. Gebruk, A. K., Galkin, S. V., Vereshchaka, A. J., Moskalev, L. I. and Southward, A. J. Ecology and biogeography of the hydrothermal vent fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. pp. 93–144. Parin, N. V., Mironov, A. N. and Nesis, K. N. Biology of the Nazca and Salay Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the eastern Pacific Ocean: composition and distribution of the fauna, its communities and history. pp. 145–242. Nesis, K. N. Goniatid squids in the subarctic North Pacific: ecology, biogeography, niche diversity and role in the ecosystem. pp. 243–324. Vinogradova, N. G. Zoogeography of the abyssal and hadal zones. pp. 325–387. Zezina, O. N. Biogeography of the bathyal zone. pp. 389–426. Sokolova, M. N. Trophic structure of abyssal macrobenthos. pp. 427–525. Semina, H. J. An outline of the geographical distribution of oceanic phytoplankton. pp. 527–563. VOLUME 33, 1998. Mauchline, J. The biology of calanoid copepods. pp. 1–660. VOLUME 34, 1998. Davies, M. S. and Hawkins, S. J. Mucus from marine molluscs. pp. 1–71. Joyeux, J. C. and Ward, A. B. Constraints on coastal lagoon fisheries. pp. 73–199. Jennings, S. and Kaiser, M. J. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. pp. 201–352. Tunnicliffe, V., McArthur, A. G. and McHugh, D. A biogeographical perspective of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. pp. 353–442. * contents of volumes 1–28 can be found in volume 38(2000).