Advances in Parasitology, Volume 115

VOLUMEONEHUNDRED ANDFIFTEEN A DVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY SERIES EDITOR D. ROLLINSON J. R. STOTHARD LifeSciencesDepartment DepartmentofTropical TheNaturalHistoryMuseum, DiseaseBiology London,UnitedKingdom LiverpoolSchoolofTropical d.rollinson@nhm.ac.uk Medicine,Liverpool,UnitedKingdom russell.stothard@lstmed.ac.uk EDITORIAL BOARD T. J. C. ANDERSON K. KING DepartmentofGenetics,Texas DepartmentofZoology, BiomedicalResearchInstitute, UniversityofOxford, SanAntonio,TX,UnitedStates Oxford,UnitedKingdom M. G. BASÁÑEZ M. G. ORTEGA-PIERRES ProfessorofNeglectedTropical ProfessoroftheDepartmentofGenetics Diseases,DepartmentofInfectious andMolecularBiology, DiseaseEpidemiology,Facultyof CentrodeInvestigaciónyde Medicine(StMary’sCampus), EstudiosAvanzadosIPN, ImperialCollegeLondon, MexicoCity,M(cid:1)exico London,UnitedKingdom D. L. SMITH D. D. BOWMAN JohnsHopkinsMalariaResearch DirectorCornellCVMMPS—Veterinary Institute&DepartmentofEpidemiology, Parasitology,ProfessorofParasitology, JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchool C4-119VMC,DeptMicro&Immunol, ofPublicHealth,Baltimore, CVMCornellUniversity,Ithaca, MD,UnitedStates NY,UnitedStates R. C. A. THOMPSON R. B. GASSER Head,WHOCollaboratingCentre FacultyofVeterinaryandAgricultural fortheMolecularEpidemiology Sciences,TheUniversityofMelbourne, ofParasiticInfections,Principal Parkville,VIC,Australia Investigator,Environmental A. L. GRAHAM BiotechnologyCRC(EBCRC), ProfessorofEcology&EvolutionaryBiology, SchoolofVeterinaryandBiomedical Co-DirectoroftheGlobalHealthProgram, Sciences,MurdochUniversity, PrincetonUniversity,Princeton, Murdoch,WA,Australia NJ,UnitedStates X.-N. ZHOU J. KEISER Professor,Director,NationalInstituteof Head,HelminthDrugDevelopmentUnit, ParasiticDiseases, DepartmentofMedicalParasitologyand ChineseCenterforDiseaseControl InfectionBiology,SwissTropicalandPublic andPrevention,Shanghai, HealthInstitute,Basel,Switzerland People’sRepublicofChina VOLUMEONEHUNDRED ANDFIFTEEN A DVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY Edited by DAVID ROLLINSON Life Sciences Department The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom RUSSELL STOTHARD Department of Tropical Disease Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates Firstedition2022 Copyright©2022ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,further informationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuch astheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluating andusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuch informationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,including partiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideas containedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-98871-1 ISSN:0065-308X ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:ZoeKruze AcquisitionsEditor:LeticiaLima DevelopmentalEditor:CindyAngelitaGardose ProductionProjectManager:AbdullaSait CoverDesigner:MarkRogers TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Contents Contributors vii 1. Anupdate on female and male genital schistosomiasis and a callto integrate effortsto escalate diagnosis,treatment and awarenessinendemicandnon-endemicsettings:Thetimeisnow 1 AmayaL. Bustinduy, BodoRandriansolo, AmyS.Sturt, SekeA. Kayuni, Peter D.C.Leustcher, Bonnie L.Webster, Lisette VanLieshout, J.Russell Stothard, HermannFeldmeier,and MargaretGyapong 1. Introduction 3 2. Pathogenesisandclinicalmanifestations 9 3. Immunology 12 4. Diagnosisofgenitalschistosomiasis 13 5. Co-infectionsandco-morbidities 21 6. Immigrantsandreturnedtravellers 24 7. ManagementofFGSandMGS 25 8. Disability,stigmaandcommunityawareness 29 9. Programmeintegration 30 10. Conclusionsandwayforward 33 Acknowledgements 33 References 33 2. Vertebrates as uninfected disseminators ofhelminth eggs andlarvae 45 NeilJ.Morley 1. Introduction 46 2. Terminologyanddefinitionsofhelminthzoochory 48 3. Featuresofdifferentvertebratesthataffecttheirabilitytodisseminate parasites 49 4. Endozoochory 54 5. Ectozoochory 127 6. Long-distancedispersal 138 7. Conclusion 143 References 146 v vi Contents 3. Anthelmintic resistancein ruminants: challenges andsolutions 171 J.Charlier, D.J. Bartley,S. Sotiraki,M. Martinez-Valladares, E.Claerebout, G.vonSamson-Himmelstjerna, S.M.Thamsborg, H.Hoste, E.R.Morgan, and L.Rinaldi 1. Concertedactionforcombattinganthelminticresistanceinruminants 173 2. Prevalenceandimpactofanthelminticresistance 175 3. Gastrointestinalnematodes:currentandfuturediagnosis 179 4. Diagnosisofanthelminticresistance 185 5. Towardsasustainableuseofanthelmintics 193 6. Prospectsofnewanthelmintics 197 7. Complementarycontrolapproaches 198 8. Facilitatingbehaviouralchange 206 9. Conclusions 210 Acknowledgements 211 References 211 Furtherreading 226 Contributors D.J.Bartley DiseaseControl,MoredunResearchInstitute,Penicuik,UnitedKingdom AmayaL.Bustinduy DepartmentofClinicalResearch,LondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine, London,UnitedKingdom J.Charlier Kreavet,Kruibeke,Belgium E.Claerebout GhentUniversity,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,LaboratoryofParasitology,Merelbeke, Belgium HermannFeldmeier Charit(cid:1)eUniversityMedicineBerlin,InstituteofMicrobiology,InfectiousDiseasesand Immunology,Berlin,Germany MargaretGyapong InstituteofHealthResearch,UniversityofHealthandAlliedSciences,Ho,Ghana H.Hoste INRAE,UMR1225IHAPINRAE/ENVT,ToulouseUniversity,Toulouse,France SekeA.Kayuni DepartmentofTropicalDiseaseBiology,LiverpoolSchoolofTropicalMedicine,Liverpool, UnitedKingdom;MASMMediClinicsLimited,Blantyre,Malawi PeterD.C.Leustcher CentreforClinicalResearch,NorthDenmarkRegionalHospital,Hjoerring;Departmentof ClinicalMedicine,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark M.Martinez-Valladares InstitutodeGanader´?adeMontan˜a(CSIC-UniversidaddeLeo´n),DepartamentodeSanidad Animal,Leo´n,Spain E.R.Morgan InstituteforGlobalFoodSecurity,Queen’sUniversityBelfast,Belfast,UnitedKingdom NeilJ.Morley SchoolofBiologicalSciences,RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,Egham,Surrey, UnitedKingdom BodoRandriansolo AssociationK’OLOVANONA,Antananarivo,Madagascar L.Rinaldi UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,UnitofParasitologyandParasiticDiseases,Departmentof VeterinaryMedicineandAnimalProduction,CREMOPAR,Napoli,Italy vii viii Contributors S.Sotiraki VeterinaryResearchInstitute,HellenicAgriculturalOrganisationELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki,Greece J.RussellStothard DepartmentofTropicalDiseaseBiology,LiverpoolSchoolofTropicalMedicine,Liverpool, UnitedKingdom AmyS.Sturt SectionofInfectiousDiseases,VeteransAffairsPaloAltoHealthCareSystem,PaloAlto, UnitedStates S.M.Thamsborg VeterinaryParasitology,UniversityofCopenhagen,FrederiksbergC,Denmark LisetteVanLieshout DepartmentofParasitology,LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter,Leiden,TheNetherlands G.vonSamson-Himmelstjerna InstituteforParasitologyandTropicalVeterinaryMedicine,VeterinaryCentrefor ResistanceResearch,FreieUniversit€atBerlin,Berlin,Germany BonnieL.Webster NaturalHistoryMuseum,London,UnitedKingdom CHAPTER ONE An update on female and male genital schistosomiasis and a call to integrate efforts to escalate diagnosis, treatment and awareness in endemic and non-endemic settings: The time is now Amaya L. Bustinduya,?, Bodo Randriansolob, Amy S. Sturtc, Seke A. Kayunid,e, Peter D.C. Leustcherf,g, Bonnie L. Websterh, Lisette Van Lieshouti, J. Russell Stothardd, Hermann Feldmeierj, and Margaret Gyapongk aDepartmentofClinicalResearch,LondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine,London,United Kingdom bAssociationK’OLOVANONA,Antananarivo,Madagascar cSectionofInfectiousDiseases,VeteransAffairsPaloAltoHealthCareSystem,PaloAlto,UnitedStates dDepartmentofTropicalDiseaseBiology,LiverpoolSchoolofTropicalMedicine,Liverpool,UnitedKingdom eMASMMediClinicsLimited,Blantyre,Malawi fCentreforClinicalResearch,NorthDenmarkRegionalHospital,Hjoerring,Denmark gDepartmentofClinicalMedicine,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark hNaturalHistoryMuseum,London,UnitedKingdom iDepartmentofParasitology,LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter,Leiden,TheNetherlands jCharit(cid:1)eUniversityMedicineBerlin,InstituteofMicrobiology,InfectiousDiseasesandImmunology,Berlin, Germany kInstituteofHealthResearch,UniversityofHealthandAlliedSciences,Ho,Ghana ?Correspondingauthor:e-mailaddress:amaya.bustinduy@lshtm.ac.uk Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Selectioncriteria 3 1.2 Epidemiologyandgeographicaldistributionofgenitalschistosomiasis 3 1.3 Lifecycleandtransmission 4 1.4 FGSandMGSinlesscommonSchistosomaspecies 7 1.5 TheimportanceofdifferenthybridsofS.haematobiumgroupspecies (includingminorspeciescontributingtoFGS/MGS) 8 2. Pathogenesisandclinicalmanifestations 9 2.1 Femalegenitalschistosomiasis(FGS) 9 2.2 Malegenitalschistosomiasis(MGS) 11 AdvancesinParasitology,Volume115 Copyright#2022ElsevierLtd 1 ISSN0065-308X Allrightsreserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2021.12.003