Approaches to Human Geography

00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page i Approaches to Human Geography 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page ii 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page iii Approaches to Human Geography Edited by Stuart Aitken and Gill Valentine SAGE Publications London ?Thousand Oaks ? New Delhi 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page iv Editorial arrangement,part introductions, Chapters 1 and 29 © Stuart Aitken and Gill Valentine 2006 Chapter 2 © Rob Kitchin 2006 Chapter 14 © David Ley 2006 Chapter 3 © J.Nicholas Entrikin and Chapter 15 © David Harvey 2006 John H.Tepple 2006 Chapter 16 © Robin A.Kearns 2006 Chapter 4 © Deborah P.Dixon and Chapter 17 © Vera Chouinard 2006 John Paul Jones III 2006 Chapter 18 © Linda McDowell 2006 Chapter 5 © George Henderson and Eric Chapter 19 © Richa Nagar 2006 Sheppard 2006 Chapter 20 © Lawrence Knopp 2006 Chapter 6 © Reginald G.Golledge 2006 Chapter 21 © Janice Monk 2006 Chapter 7 © Isabel Dyck and Chapter 22 © A.Stewart Fotheringham 2006 Robin A.Kearns 2006 Chapter 23 © Michael F.Goodchild 2006 Chapter 8 © Andrew Sayer 2006 Chapter 24 © Paul Rodaway 2006 Chapter 9 © David B.Clarke 2006 Chapter 25 © Michael Samers 2006 Chapter 10 © Paul Harrison 2006 Chapter 26 © Kim England 2006 Chapter 11 © Fernando J.Bosco 2006 Chapter 27 © John W.Wylie 2006 Chapter 12 © Clive Barnett 2006 Chapter 28 © Paul Robbins 2006 Chapter 13 © Gerard Rushton 2006 First published 2006 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,or criticism or review,as permitted under the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act,1988,this publication may be reproduced,stored or transmitted in any form,or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers,or in the case of reprographic reproduction,in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks,California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42,Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 110 017 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN13 978 0 7619 4262 7 ISBN10 0 7619 4262 9 ISBN13 978 0 7619 4263 4 (pbk) ISBN10 0 7619 4263 7 (pbk) Library of Congress Control Number available Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India Printed on paper from sustainable resources Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Ltd,Trowbridge,Wiltshire 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page v Contents List of contributors viii Acknowledgements x 1 Ways of Knowing and Ways of Doing Geographic Research 1 Stuart Aitken and Gill Valentine PARTI PHILOSOPHIES 13 Introduction to section 2 Positivistic Geographies and Spatial Science 20 Rob Kitchin 3 Humanism and Democratic Place-Making 30 J. Nicholas Entrikin and John H. Tepple 4 Feminist Geographies of Difference, Relation, and Construction 42 Deborah P. Dixon and John Paul Jones III 5 Marx and the Spirit of Marx 57 George Henderson and Eric Sheppard 6 Philosophical Bases of Behavioral Research in Geography 75 Reginald G. Golledge 7 Structuration Theory: Agency, Structure and Everyday Life 86 Isabel Dyck and Robin A. Kearns 8 Realism as a Basis for Knowing the World 98 Andrew Sayer 9 Postmodern Geographies and the Ruins of Modernity 107 David B. Clarke 10 Poststructuralist Theories 122 Paul Harrison 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page vi viÿÿCONTENTS 11 Actor-Network Theory, Networks, and Relational Approaches in Human Geography 136 Fernando J. Bosco 12 Postcolonialism: Space, Textuality, and Power 147 Clive Barnett Editors’ Passnotes 161 PARTII PEOPLE 169 Introduction to Section 13 Institutions and Cultures 171 Gerard Rushton 14 Places and Contexts 178 David Ley 15 Memories and Desires 184 David Harvey 16 Experiences and Emotions 191 Robin A. Kearns 17 Personal and Political 198 Vera Chouinard 18 Difference and Place 205 Linda McDowell 19 Local and Global 211 Richa Nagar 20 Movement and Encounter 218 Lawrence Knopp 21 Spaces and Flows 226 Janice Monk PARTIII PRACTICES 233 Introduction to Section 22 Quantification, Evidence and Positivism 237 A. Stewart Fotheringham 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page vii CONTENTSÿÿvii 23 Geographic Information Systems 251 Michael F. Goodchild 24 Humanism and People-Centered Methods 263 Paul Rodaway 25 Changing the World: Geography, Political Activism, and Marxism 273 Michael Samers 26 Producing Feminist Geographies: Theory, Methodologies and Research Strategies 286 Kim England 27 Poststructuralist Theories, Critical Methods and Experimentation 298 John W. Wylie 28 Research is Theft: Environmental Inquiry in a Postcolonial World 311 Paul Robbins 29 Contested Geographies: Culture Wars, Personal Clashes and Joining Debate 325 Gill Valentine and Stuart Aitken Exercises 337 Glossary 338 Index 343 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page viii List of Contributors Stuart Aitkenis Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at San Diego State University. Clive Barnettis a Lecturer in Human Geography at the Open University. Fernando J. Bosco is Assistant Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at San Diego State University. Vera Chouinardis Professor of Geography in the School of Geography and Geology at McMaster University. David B. Clarke is Professor in the Department of Geography, University of Wales, Swansea. Deborah P.Dixonis a Senior Lecturer in Geography at the Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences at Aberystwyth, University of Wales. Isabel Dyckis Reader in Geography, Queen Mary, University of London. Kim Englandis Associate Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Washington. J.Nicholas Entrikinis Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles. A. Stewart Fotheringham is Science Foundation Ireland Research Professor and Director of National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Reginald G.Golledgeis Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Michael F.Goodchildis Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Paul Harrisonis a Lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Durham. David Harvey is Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, City University of New York. 00-Aitken-3325-Prelims.qxd 11/24/2005 7:20 PM Page ix CONTRIBUTORSÿÿix George Henderson is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Minnesota. John Paul Jones III is Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography and Regional Development at the University of Arizona. Robin A.Kearnsis Associate Professor in the School of Geography and Environmental Science at the University of Auckland. Rob Kitchinis Director of the National Institute of Regional and Spatial Analysis at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Lawrence Knopp is Professor of Geography and Urban Studies in the Department of Geography at the University of Minnesota, Duluth. David Leyis Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of British Columbia. Linda McDowellis Professor of Human Geography in the School of Geography and the Environment at the University of Oxford. Janice Monk is Professor of Geography and Regional Development and Research Social Scientist Emerita in Women’s Studies at the University of Arizona. Richa Nagaris Associate Professor in Women’s Studies at the University of Minnesota. Paul Robbins is Associate Professor of Geography and Regional Development, University of Arizona. Paul Rodawayis Director of the Centre for Learning and Teaching at the University of Paisley. Gerard Rushton is Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Iowa. Michael Samers is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Geography at the University of Nottingham. Andrew Sayer is Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology at Lancaster University. Eric Sheppard is Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Minnesota. John H.Tepple is a researcher in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles. Gill Valentine is Professor of Human Geography in the School of Geography at the University of Leeds. John W.Wylieis a Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Sheffield.