Biology and Marine Biology

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND MARINE BIOLOGY GRADUATE PROGRAM REVIEW 2008-2014 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... ii General Characteristics and History ......................................................................................................... 4 Findings of Previous Reviews ..................................................................................................................... 5 General Program Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 8 Certification and Interdisciplinary Programs ........................................................................................ 14 Facilities ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Personnel .................................................................................................................................................... 20 Graduate Students .................................................................................................................................... 24 Affirmative Action .................................................................................................................................... 37 Summary of Research and Scholarship .................................................................................................. 37 Strengths, Weaknesses and Future Directions ........................................................................................ 39 Appendix 1: Catalogue Course Descriptions .......................................................................................... 44 Appendix 2: Application Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 54 Appendix 3: Orientation Agenda and Student Handbook .................................................................... 57 Appendix 4: Graduate Student Annual Reports .................................................................................... 84 Appendix 5: Assessment Forms ............................................................................................................. 149 Appendix 6: Assessment Annual Reports ............................................................................................. 165 Appendix 7: Equal Employment Opportunity Affirmative Action Plan ........................................... 264 Appendix 8: Faculty Curricula Vitae ..................................................................................................... 296 Appendix 9: Faculty Leadership Activities ........................................................................................... 562 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Department of Biology and Marine Biology contributes importantly to the teaching, research, and public service missions of the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW). The department began offering the Master of Science in Marine Biology in 1980, and the Master of Science in Biology in 1989. In 2002, we established the Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology, which was the first Ph.D. program at UNCW. Since the inception of these programs, we have graduated 440 M.S. students and 18 Ph.D. students. We enjoy continued student interest in our internationally known graduate programs, averaging almost 90 applications per year for fall admission. Our program is selective – admitting, on average, 22% of applicants. These high-quality students enter a graduate program that takes very seriously their academic development. This commitment is reflected in the high retention rates of our students: 95% of our M.S. students and 94% for our Ph.D. students. Our students join a dynamic department, comprised of highly accomplished and competent faculty, graduate students and staff. Our faculty members are university leaders in grant support, bringing $2.9 million in extramural funding to UNCW each year, which is essential to support student research activities, assistantships and summer stipends. This investment in our graduate students is manifested in their prodigious scholarly output. During the review period, graduate students have been authors on 199 peer- reviewed papers, and 21 have received awards or recognition for the quality of their research at scientific meetings. Graduate students also have been honored with scholarships and fellowships, where 153 have recognized for academic, research or teaching excellence during the reporting period. In addition, 70 graduate students have received independent intra- or extramural funding, and many have taken on leadership and service roles to their scientific and university communities. They also complete their graduate program in a timely manner. During the review period, the median time to graduation for our M.S. students was 2.5 years, and the mean time to graduation for our Ph.D. students was 4.8 years. Ninety percent of our students acquire jobs in their fields or enter Ph.D. and professional programs. The faculty conducts graduate research and educational activities while maintaining a deeply- rooted commitment to undergraduate education, which forms the backbone of our university. The vibrancy of the graduate programs promotes a research environment that is easily accessible to undergraduate students. This commitment means, though, that our faculty members have heavy workloads for a Ph.D. granting department. While there are many positive features of our graduate programs, there are also notable weaknesses that threaten their sustainability and further development. Chief among these are the low stipends for M.S. Teaching Assistants, an insufficient availability of tuition remissions and scholarships, and a lack of university supported health insurance. Our M.S. students take on critical educational roles for our university, yet do not earn enough to meet basic costs of living. Because our M.S. students must also pay in-state tuition, they are currently being charged almost 50% of their wages to be enrolled in our program. Historically, faculty members have helped offset financial shortfalls during the academic year with increased pay during the summer, but the regional, state and national reduction in success rates for extramural grant proposals has made it more difficult for faculty members to assist students financially with additional summer salary. Intramural summer support would be a mechanism to help remedy this problem. Thus, our department has a long history of, and a continued commitment to, supporting graduate students with extramural grants, but the financial deficits are so profound that substantial investment is necessary to ensure the health and competitiveness of M.S. programs at UNCW. The Ph.D. stipend level and our commitment to covering full tuition costs provides financial support for our Ph.D. students that more closely approaches cost of living. However, our program has now reached a critical juncture, where enhanced university investment, in the form of more Ph.D. TAs, tuition remissions, and summer support will be required to assure the program’s sustainability and continued growth. Lastly, our strength as a department relies upon our ability to diversify. This goal is of iii fundamental importance, and our department is taking serious steps to include more historically under- represented groups among our faculty and students. We have much work ahead of us, and one important area where the university can enhance its support of these efforts is to provide targeted funding for increasing diversity. Enhanced financial packages available to both graduate students and faculty candidates would strengthen our capacity to develop a more diverse university and department. 4 GRADUATE PROGRAM REVIEW DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND MARINE BIOLOGY 2008-2014 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTORY a. DEPARTMENTAL MISSION STATEMENT The Department of Biology and Marine Biology is a major contributor to the teaching, research, and public service missions of the University of North Carolina Wilmington. We offer a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs that convey a rigorous and up-to-date understanding of the concepts, principles and theories of the biological sciences and provide our students with knowledge of basic investigative skills and methods of biological inquiry. In our research function, we contribute new insights to fundamental biological processes, from general biological principles, to coastal and marine environments, to biomedical sciences. Where possible, we focus on biological phenomena that impact on the quality of life in our region and the nation. In our public service roles we lend our professional expertise to individuals and organizations working for the improvement of the human condition, especially those agencies committed to the environment. In a liberal arts education Biology is of fundamental importance. It provides the student with an understanding of living systems from the level of the ecosystem down to the molecule. For both majors and non-majors the study of biology encourages exploration of personal as well as professional interests. We recognize that our biology classes are particularly important for our non-majors; in their classes we emphasize the biological understanding needed to function successfully as consumers, citizens, and parents in the 21st century. b. DESCRIPTION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION AND DATES OF NEW PROGRAMS Graduate education and training in the department began with the establishment of the M.S. in Marine Biology program in 1980. The M.S. in Biology program was instituted in 1989. Since the inception of these programs, we have graduated 440 Master’s students. In fall 2002, we established the Ph.D. in Marine Biology, which was the first doctoral program at UNCW. In spring 2006, Dr. David Meyer graduated as UNCW’s first Ph.D. student. Since then, 17 more students have graduated from this program. c. SIGNIFICANT ADDITIONS TO THE FACULTY Since the last graduate program review (2007), 20 tenure-track faculty members have left the department (8 to retirement, 6 to another job, and 6 for other reasons). During the same period we have hired 12 new tenure-track faculty members and 9 non-tenure-track faculty members, and we are searching for 3 additional tenure-track positions during the 2014-15 academic year. The losses highlight a growing problem of faculty retention due largely to issues related to low and stagnant salaries and increasing workload. As is the case nationally, we also are shifting toward fewer tenure-track hires and more shorter- term contracted lecturers. This trend will aid our capacity to teach our undergraduate students and is a cost savings to the university, but the net loss of tenure-track faculty may cause long term harm to our graduate programs as they are responsible for conducting research, applying for grants, and mentoring graduate students. d. MAJOR CHANGES IN THE ORIENTATION OF THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM Our department regularly reviews both its undergraduate and graduate programs to ensure that our curricula best serve the needs of our students. A major addition to our program since the last review period is the institution of a formal assessment program, as detailed in Sections 7.g. and 7.h. The assessment program has demonstrated that our program is highly effective at meeting our stated learning 5 objectives, and it has also led to modifications that have enhanced our student’s performance as described below. Since our last review we have not made significant changes to the curricula of any of our graduate programs. We did change the description of our required introductory course for M.Sc. students (BIO 501) to stress scientific communication, in response to an identified need to better prepare them” for their oral exams (see section 10b below). In 2013, the course description for this class was changed from BIO 501 - Methods in Scientific Research Credits: (2) Scientific manuscript preparation and communication techniques: manuscript format, graphics, design of experiments, library use, oral presentation, and writing techniques. Two lecture hours each week. to BIO 501 – Introduction to Science as a Profession Credits: (2) Survey of educational trajectories and employment prospects for graduate students in the sciences, focusing on Biology and Marine Biology. Practical treatment of performance and communication in the scientific profession, with particular coverage of responsible conduct of research, laboratory and field safety, analyses of data, and the writing and reviewing of journal articles and grant proposals. Two lecture hours each week. We also made a change to the format of the candidacy exam for the Ph.D. program. Prior to 2013, we had required each student to pass a Candidacy Exam that included (1) a written exam consisting of essay questions submitted by the student’s Dissertation Committee that are based upon the graduate curriculum and the student’s area of research, and (2) an oral examination based on the student’s dissertation prospectus. The written exam should be administered no more than 30 days prior to the public presentation and defense of the dissertation prospectus. Many of our faculty felt that the written component of the exam was a large time commitment for both students and committee members, without adding a lot of benefit in terms of revealing the student’s knowledge base. In addition, it was felt that the dissertation proposal (prospectus) document provided a good opportunity to evaluate the writing capabilities of the student, and that the written candidacy exam was not necessarily required for such evaluation. Thus, the faculty agreed to make the oral component the only required exam. 2. FINDINGS OF PREVIOUS REVIEWS Our graduate program underwent a review in 2007. The invited external reviewers made several recommendations for enhancing our programs. In that review three fundamental problems facing the Department were emphasized. In the opinion of these reviewers the Department, first, lacks sufficient space for research and teaching purposes. Second, faculty workload was judged too high. Third, they suggested that new staff and faculty lines were needed to support continued excellence in scholarly activities. Fourth, the M.S. stipends needed to be raised. The Department’s responses to these and other recommendations and others are summarized below. Suggestion 1: Explore mechanisms for reducing teaching loads for research active faculty. Faculty teaching loads in the Department have remained static or have increased since the 2007 review. Increased teaching loads for faculty are principally due to (a) increases in University enrollment and a near doubling of departmental majors coupled with the fact that (b) no new faculty lines have been awarded to 6 the Department. The number of new faculty hired has kept pace with, but not exceeded, the number of faculty lost to retirement or faculty turnover. The Department presently employs eight full-time lecturers to meet demand for courses. Suggestion 2: The Department should work to secure additional office and laboratory space for faculty, post-doctoral researchers, and graduate students. Acquiring dedicated working space for faculty and graduate students is an acute and on-going problem for the Department. Briefly, the Department has gained offices and lab space in Friday and Dobo Halls. These additions were made by re-purposing existing space. Plans to renovate spaces in other buildings on campus for use by the Department are under way, but these are earmarked for instructional (not research) purposes. New construction has occurred but, frankly, has had little direct impact on the Department’s graduate program. For example, the Louise Oriole Burevitch Research Laboratory was opened and houses facilities supporting UNCW’s Marine Mammal Stranding Program and selected field programs. Three new buildings have been erected at UNCW’s Crest Research Park including the Marine Biotechnology building, Shellfish Hatchery, and Operations Wing of CMS. At the present time these research buildings house very few of our graduate students. Suggestion 3: Support staff should be hired to help reduce faculty workloads. Faculty are increasingly distracted by routine paperwork and aspects of grant and research administration. No new personnel have been hired in the Department. However, we have been approved to search for a second advising coordinator, to assist our current coordinator, Melanie Canfield. This is a critical addition, as our undergraduate majors have nearly doubled in the past few years to >1000 students. This has led to increased advising loads for Ms. Canfield and the faculty, and since all of our undergraduates are required to have an applied learning component to their degree plan, the assistance in managing internships and other external activities, as well as normal course advising, is essential. However, this new hire will only partially offset the growth in the teaching and advising load for the department, and the lack of net growth in the size of the department faculty means teaching/advising loads will still remain elevated compared to the previous review. Suggestion 4: The fact that some faculty can take Ph.D. students while others cannot needs to be addressed. The Department is keenly aware of this potentially divisive issue. New faculty members are clearly advised as necessary and, when possible, the Department faculty have made every effort to be as inclusive as possible. The Department’s Ph.D. in Marine Biology is expected to remain a specialized low- enrollment program servicing a talented, but small pool of graduate students. For historical, fiscal, and other reasons it is exceedingly unlikely that the Department will establish a second Ph.D. degree (e.g., in Biology) in the foreseeable future. However, we are exploring collaborative programs that would facilitate taking doctoral students in the biological sciences, and we continue to make sure that the faculty evaluation process does not penalize faculty members who are not able to take Ph.D. students. 7 Suggestion 5: Increase MS graduate student stipends and re-visit the “two class” system of financial support for Master’s and Ph.D. students. This recommendation continues to be a primary concern of our program. Since the last review, M.S. Teaching Assistant (TA) stipends have increased from $9,500 to $11,000/academic year. Stipends for Ph.D. students are $19,000/academic year. The Department recognizes that the disparity between M.S. and Ph.D. stipends is substantial. Our goal has been, and continues to be, to close this gap by raising stipends for M.S. students. Suggestion 6: Lines for additional TAs and RAs are needed. One new M.S. TA line has been awarded to the Department since 2007 and there are no lines for research assistants (RAs). In our Department graduate students working as RAs are typically paid using funds from externally funded grant proposals or other contracts. Suggestion 7: Require health insurance for, and provide full tuition remissions for, all in- and out-of-state students (M.S. and Ph.D.). The requirement for health insurance is now a law mandated by the State of North Carolina. The Graduate School has made efforts to make more remissions available to our out-of-state students; however, no new remissions have been acquired by the Department since 2007. This, along with TA availability, limits our total enrollment. We use all of our tuition remissions to cover out-of-state tuition for our M.S. and Ph.D. students, and we use essentially all of our tuition scholarship money to cover in- state tuition for our Ph.D. students. However, we have no funds to cover in-state tuition for M.S. students and this, along with the low stipend levels, makes our master’s graduate programs a financial strain for most of our students. Suggestion 8: Add new faculty to relieve overall workloads and increase the breadth of the program. The Department has received no new faculty lines: therefore, faculty workload remains a principal concern. We have hired 12 new tenure-track faculty members whose expertise complements and broadens the Department’s emphases on research and teaching. These include: Drs. Brian Arbogast (Terrestrial Mammal Conservation), Susanne Brander (Aquatic Toxicology and Endocrinology), Robert Condon (Biological Oceanography), Joseph Covi (Integrative and Comparative Biology), Patrick Erwin (Microbial Ecology), Arthur Frampton (Virology), Stephanie Kamel (Marine Evolutionary Ecology), Zachary Long (Coastal Plant Ecology), Susanna Lopez-Legentil (Marine Molecular Ecology), Darin Pennys (Plant Evolution and Ecology), Ryan Rhodes (Microbiology), and J. Wilson White (Marine Biology). Suggestion 9: Create post-doctoral teaching positions to provide faculty teaching relief. Two such positions have been created. These provide teaching and research support for the Graduate Coordinator and the Director of the Microscopy facility. Suggestion 10: Institute a formal requirement that all graduate students have a course-related teaching experience before graduating. Nearly all M.S. and Ph.D. students, at one time or another during their program of study, are employed as 8 TAs. More specialized instruction in biological education can be obtained in the course listed below, which is a requirement for all Ph.D. students and available to M.S. students: BIO 594/ BIO694 - Practicum in College Biology Teaching: An introduction to theory, research, and practice in college biology teaching. Combines supervised internship in biology teaching with formal classroom instruction. For graduate students who have been awarded teaching assistantships in the Department of Biology and Marine Biology and others with permission of instructor. Ph.D. students will be required to engage in limited formal instruction. Two semester hours per week. Suggestion 11: New efforts are needed to increase minority participation in the faculty and graduate student programs. Diversity issues have remained a priority for the Department, and we have had success in attracting underrepresented and international colleagues to our faculty and graduate student population. The department has emphasized enhancing diversity in every faculty search, and we work with the Graduate School to help recruit McNair Scholars, as well as with partner institutions, NC A&T University and Elizabeth City State University, to encourage minority applications. 3. GENERAL PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS a. DESCRIPTION OF GRADUATE PROGRAMS MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY AND MARINE BIOLOGY The Department of Biology and Marine Biology offers programs of study leading to a Master of Science degree in biology and a Master of Science degree in marine biology. The programs are designed (1) to prepare students for further graduate work leading to the Ph.D.; (2) to provide professional biologists with advanced research and education opportunities; (3) to prepare students as managers of coastal and marine resources, trained to deal with contemporary problems in the environment; or (4) to provide a broad–based graduate program allowing for specialization in the diverse fields of inquiry represented by the faculty of the department. Admission Requirements Applicants seeking admission to the graduate programs in marine biology and biology are required to submit all of the following to the Graduate School: 1. An application for graduate admission 2. Official transcripts of all college work (undergraduate and graduate) 3. Official scores on the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination (verbal, quantitative, analytical writing) 4. Three recommendations by individuals in professionally relevant fields 5. Resume 6. Research Areas Form/Statement of Interest Form Scores on the verbal, quantitative and analytical writing portions of the GRE test in the 50th percentile or above are desired. A score of at least 550 on the paper version (213 on the computer version) of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) for applicants whose native language is not English. A baccalaureate degree in a field of biology from an accredited college or university in this country or its equivalent in a foreign institution is required for admission, as well as an average of "B" or better in the undergraduate major. Undergraduate grades, GRE scores, and recommendations are used in concert to determine acceptability. Acceptable students are admitted to the program upon being selected by a faculty 9 member who will serve as the student's advisor. Selection by a faculty member is a requirement and thus students are encouraged to contact potential advisors. Individuals desiring to take graduate courses as a non-degree-seeking student must have completed a baccalaureate degree in a field of biology. Non-degree candidates must submit an application for graduate admission and official transcripts of all college work. Courses taken at UNCW as a non-degree student will not count toward the hours required for the completion of a degree program upon subsequent acceptance. Degree Requirements ? The program requires 30 semester hours of graduate study. ? Six semester hours of credit may be transferred from another accredited institution. Grades earned on transfer work must be equivalent to “B” or better. ? A minimum of 24 semester hours of graduate study must be completed in residence. ? No more than nine hours of graduate level courses offered by other science departments at UNCW may be applied toward the degree. ? Undergraduate courses taken to make up deficiencies will not count toward the 30 hours required. ? All deficiencies must be remedied prior to graduation. ? The student must successfully complete a comprehensive examination based on prior coursework and an oral defense of the thesis. ? Each student will present a thesis, based on original research, acceptable to the thesis advisory committee, prior to graduation. ? Each student must complete an approved course of study within five years of the date of the first registration for graduate study. Requirements for Master of Science Degrees Core courses: required of all students seeking a Master of Science degree in biology or marine biology. BIO 501 Methods in Scientific Research (2) BIO 599 Thesis (3–6) Master of Science in Biology In addition to the core courses listed above, each student, in consultation with his/her thesis advisory committee, shall devise a program of study that meets the requirements below, complements the thesis research, and satisfies individual needs and interests. Select two of the following: a) BIO 519 Advanced Topics in Cellular and Molecular Biology (4) b) BIO 530 Advanced Topics in Evolutionary Biology (3) and BIOL 530 Advanced Topics in Evolutionary Biology Laboratory (1) c) BIO 534 Advanced Topics in Ecology (3) and BIOL 534 Advanced Topics in Ecology Laboratory (1) d) BIO 549 Advanced Topics in Physiology (4) A minimum of 14 hours of elective credit; select from any 500 level biology course, BIO 601-605 and BIO 694. Graduate courses from other disciplines may also be selected, with approval of the student’s thesis committee. Master of Science in Marine Biology In addition to the core courses listed above, students shall complete the following courses and, in consultation with their thesis advisory committee, select electives to complete a program of study that meets individual needs and interests.