Bryophyte Biology

This page intentionally left blank Bryophyte Biology Second Edition Bryophyte Biology provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses: diverse groups of land plants that occupy a great variety of habitats throughout theworld. This new edition covers essential aspects of bryophyte biology, from morphology, physiological ecology and conservation, to speciation and genomics. Revised classifications incorporate contributions from recent phylogenetic studies. Six new chapters complement fully updated chapters from the original book to provide a completely up-to-date resource. New chapters focus on the contributions of Physcomitrella to plant genomic research, population ecology of bryophytes, mechanisms of drought tolerance, a phylogenomic perspective on land plant evolution, and problems and progress of bryophyte speciation and conservation. Written by leaders in the field, this book offers an authoritative treatment of bryophyte biology, with rich citation of the current literature, suitable for advanced students and researchers. BERNARD GOFFINET is an Associate Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Connecticut and has contributed to nearly 80 publications. His current research spans from chloroplast genome evolution in liverworts and the phylogeny of mosses, to the systematics of lichen-forming fungi. A. JONATHAN SHAW is a Professor at the Biology Department at Duke University, an Associate Editor for several scientific journals, and Chairman for the Board of Directors, Highlands Biological Station. He has published over 130 scientific papers and book chapters. His research interests include the systematics and phylogenetics of mosses and liverworts and population genetics of peat mosses. Bryophyte Biology Second Edition BERNARD GOFFINET University of Connecticut, USA AND A. JONATHAN SHAW Duke University, USA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521872256 © Cambridge University Press 2000, 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-45577-3 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87225-6 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-69322-6 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. To Lewis Anderson Contents List of contributors page ix Preface xi 1 Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta BARBARA CRANDALL -STOTLER, RAYMOND E. STOTLER AND DAV ID G. LONG 1 2 Morphology, anatomy, and classification of the Bryophyta BERNARD GOFF INET , WILL IAM R. BUCK AND A. JONATHAN SHAW 55 3 New insights into morphology, anatomy, and systematics of hornworts KAREN S . RENZAGL IA , JUAN C. V I L LARREAL AND R. JOEL DUFF 139 4 Phylogenomics and early land plant evolution BRENT D. MISHLER AND DEAN G. KELCH 173 5 Mosses as model organisms for developmental, cellular, and molecular biology ANDREW C. CUMING 199 6 Physiological ecology MICHAEL C. F . PROCTOR 237 7 Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in bryophytes MELV IN J . OL IVER 269 8 Mineral nutrition and substratum ecology JEFF W. BATES 299 vii viii Contents 9 The structure and function of bryophyte-dominated peatlands DALE H. V ITT AND R. KELMAN WIEDER 357 10 Population and community ecology of bryophytes HAKAN RYD IN 393 11 Bryophyte species and speciation A. JONATHAN SHAW 445 12 Conservation biology of bryophytes ALA IN VANDERPOORTEN AND TOMAS HALL INGBA¨ CK 487 Index 535