Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Pathways

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1393 Shihori Tanabe Editor Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Pathways Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 1393 Series Editors Wim E. Crusio, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, Pessac Cedex, France Haidong Dong, Departments of Urology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Heinfried H. Radeke, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Clinic of the Goethe University Frankfurt Main, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany Nima Rezaei, Research Center for Immunode?ciencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ortrud Steinlein, Institute of Human Genetics, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany Junjie Xiao, Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology provides a platform for scienti?c contributions in the main disciplines of the biomedicine and the life sciences. This series publishes thematic volumes on contemporary research in the areas of microbiology, immunology, neurosciences, biochemistry, biomedical engineering, genetics, physiology, and cancer research. Covering emerging topics and techniques in basic and clinical science, it brings together clinicians and researchers from various ?elds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology has been publishing exceptional works in the ?eld for over 40 years, and is indexed in SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, BIOSIS, Reaxys, EMBiology, the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), and Pathway Studio. 2021 Impact Factor: 3.650 (no longer indexed in SCIE as of 2022) Shihori Tanabe Editor Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Pathways 123 Editor Shihori Tanabe National Institute of Health Sciences Kawasaki, Japan ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ISBN 978-3-031-12973-5 ISBN 978-3-031-12974-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci?cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro?lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci?c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional af?liations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to the researchers who are involved in the ?elds of medicine and biology, as well as bioinformatics. Foreword The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept still remains unrevealed, although abundant research works have investigated the mechanism underlaid CSCs. CSCs, which exist in the cancer population, contribute to the acquisition of drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer. To overcome the malignancy of cancer, it is important to understand the mystery of the mechanism in CSCs. CSCs, which have the capacity for self-renewal and proliferation, can be characterized by molecular markers. The CSC markers are useful to identify the CSCs in the cancer population. Several signaling pathways are involved in CSC molecular network. These molecular path- ways in CSCs are closely related to stem cell pathways. Furthermore, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a phenomenon of cellular morphological changes, is implicated in the CSC feature. The portion of the CSC population exhibiting EMT may contribute to cancer migration and metastasis, which is an interesting issue to be discussed. Targeting CSCs is necessary for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. The emerging cancer therapies include CSC targeting. In this book, the markers and related molecular network pathways of CSCs are mainly focused on. The current and future cancer therapies targeting CSCs are also in the scope of this book chapters. The readers of this book will understand why the CSC concept is important and attractive. Shihori Tanabe, Ph.D. Division of Risk Assessment Center for Biological Safety and Research National Institute of Health Sciences Kawasaki, Japan vii Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge Dr. Ryuichi Ono, Dr. Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Dr. Akihiko Hirose, Dr. Hiroshi Yokozaki, Dr. Hiroki Sasaki, collaborators, and members of National Institute of Health Sciences for their support. This research was supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Devel- opment (AMED)—grant numbers JP21mk0101216 (S.T.) and JP22mk0101216 (S.T.), JSPS KAKENHI grant number 21K12133 (S.T.). ix Contents 1 Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1 Shihori Tanabe 2 The Transcription Factors Zeb1 and Snail Induce Cell Malignancy and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Prostate Cells, Increasing Androgen Synthesis Capacity and Therapy Resistance. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 51 Fernanda López-Moncada, Enrique A. Castellón, and Héctor R. Contreras 3 ERBB Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells ... ..... .... 65 Ghmkin Hassan and Masaharu Seno 4 Functional and Molecular Characters of Cancer Stem Cells Through Development to Establishment . .... .... ..... .... 83 Said M. A?fy, Ghmkin Hassan, Hiroko Ishii, Sadia Monzur, Hend M. Nawara, Amira Osman, Hagar A. Abu Quora, Mona Sheta, Maram H. Zahra, Akimasa Seno, and Masaharu Seno 5 Microenvironment of Cancer Stem Cells . .... .... ..... .... 103 Shihori Tanabe 6 Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Drug Resistance in Multiple Different Ways .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 125 Maram H. Zahra, Hend M. Nawara, Ghmkin Hassan, Said M. A?fy, Akimasa Seno, and Masaharu Seno 7 Abnormal Glycosylation in Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Target.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 141 Sabina Quader, Shihori Tanabe, and Horacio Cabral xi Contributors Hagar A. Abu Quora Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Faculty of Science, Cytology, Histology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Menou?a University, Menou?a, Egypt Said M. A?fy Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineer- ing in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Faculty of Science, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Menou?a University, Shebin El Koum, Egypt Horacio Cabral Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engi- neering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Enrique A. Castellón Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Héctor R. Contreras Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Ghmkin Hassan Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria; Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Hiroko Ishii GSP Enterprise, Inc, Osaka, Japan Fernanda López-Moncada Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncol- ogy, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Medical Technology, Austral University of Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile Sadia Monzur Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engi- neering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan xiii